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Chalmers Ashby Johnson (August 6, 1931 – November 20, 2010)〔http://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2010/11/chalmers-johnson/66853/〕 was an American author and professor emeritus of the University of California, San Diego. He served in the Korean War, was a consultant for the CIA from 1967 to 1973, and chaired the Center for Chinese Studies at the University of California, Berkeley from 1967 to 1972.〔("CCS History" ), Center for Chinese Studies, Institute of East Asian Studies, University of California, Berkeley〕 He was also president and co-founder with Steven Clemons of the Japan Policy Research Institute (now based at the University of San Francisco), an organization promoting public education about Japan and Asia. He wrote numerous books including, most recently, three examinations of the consequences of American Empire: ''Blowback'', ''The Sorrows of Empire'', and ''Nemesis: The Last Days of the American Republic''. A former cold warrior, his fears for the US changed: :"A nation can be one or the other, a democracy or an imperialist, but it can’t be both. If it sticks to imperialism, it will, like the old Roman Republic, on which so much of our system was modeled, lose its democracy to a domestic dictatorship."〔(Chalmers Johnson, 1931–2010, on the Last Days of the American Republic )〕 ==Biography== Johnson was born in 1931 in Phoenix, Arizona. He earned a BA in economics in 1953 and an M.A. and a Ph.D. in political science in 1957 and 1961 respectively. Both of his advanced degrees were from the University of California, Berkeley. Johnson met his wife Sheila, a junior at Berkeley, in 1956, and they were married in Reno, Nevada in May 1957.〔Sheila K. Johnson (2011-04-11) (Chalmers Johnson vs. the Empire ), ''Antiwar.com''〕 During the Korean War, Johnson served as a naval officer in Japan. He was the communications officer on a ship (the LST 883) "tasked with ferrying Chinese prisoners of war from South Korea back to North Korean ports."〔 He taught political science at the University of California from 1962 until he retired from teaching in 1992. He was best known early in his career for his scholarship on the subjects of China and Japan.〔Johnston, Eric, "(Japan hand Chalmers Johnson dead at 79 )", ''Japan Times'', 23 November 2010, p. 2.〕 Johnson set the agenda for 10 or 15 years in social science scholarship on China with his book on peasant nationalism. His book ''MITI and the Japanese Miracle'', on the Japanese Ministry of International Trade and Industry was the preëminent study of the country's development and it created the subfield of what could be called, the political economy of development. He coined the term "developmental state". As a public intellectual, he first led the "Japan revisionists" who critiqued American neoliberal economics with Japan as a model; their arguments faded from view as the Japanese economy stagnated in the mid-90s and beyond. During this period, Johnson acted as a consultant for the Office of National Estimates, part of the CIA, contributing to analysis of China and Maoism. Johnson was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1976. He served as Director of the Center for Chinese Studies (1967–72〔) and Chair of the Political Science Department at Berkeley, and held a number of important academic posts in area studies. He was a strong believer in the importance of language and historical training for conducting serious research. Late in his career he became well known as a critic of "rational choice" approaches, particularly in the study of Japanese politics and political economy. Johnson is, perhaps, best known today as a sharp critic of American imperialism. His book ''Blowback'' (2000) won a prize in 2001 from the Before Columbus Foundation, and was re-issued in an updated version in 2004. ''Sorrows of Empire'', published in 2004, updated the evidence and argument from ''Blowback'' for the post-9/11 environment, and ''Nemesis'' concludes the trilogy. Johnson was featured as an expert talking head in the Eugene Jarecki-directed film ''Why We Fight'',〔 which won the 2005 Grand Jury Prize at the Sundance Film Festival. In the past, Johnson has also written for the Los Angeles Times, the London Review of Books, Harper’s Magazine, and The Nation. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Chalmers Johnson」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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